Concordance of different molecular typing methods used for C. neoformans and C. gattii
|
Species/Variety/ Hybrid |
Serotype |
PCR-fingerprinting molecular type
(1, 2, 3) |
PCR-fingerprinting molecular type
(4) |
AFLP genotype
(5) |
AFLP genotype
(6) |
URA5
RFLP type
(2) |
PLB1
RFLP type
(7) |
ITS genotype
(8) |
IGS genotype
(9, 10)
|
|
C. neoformans var. grubii |
A |
VNI |
VN6 (VN5) |
AFLP1 |
VNI |
VNI (SH1) |
A1 |
ITS1 |
1A/1B |
|
A |
VNII |
|
AFLP1A/AFLP1B |
VNB |
VNII (SH2) |
|
ITS1 |
1A |
|
A |
VNII |
VN7 |
AFLP1A/AFLP1B |
VNII |
VNII (SH3) |
A2 |
ITS1 |
1C |
|
AD Hybrid |
AD |
VNIII |
VN3/VN4 |
AFLP3 |
|
VNIII (SH4) |
A3 |
ITS1/ITS2 |
2C |
|
C. neoformans var. neoformans |
D |
VNIV |
VN1 (VN2) |
AFLP2 |
|
VNIV (SH4) |
A4 |
ITS2 |
2A/2B/2C |
|
C. gattii |
B/C |
VGI |
|
AFLP4A/AFLP4B |
|
VGI (SH5) |
A5 |
ITS3/ITS7 |
4 |
|
B/C |
VGII |
|
AFLP6 |
|
VGII (SH6) |
A6 |
ITS4 |
3 |
|
B/C |
VGIII |
|
AFLP5A/AFLP5B/
AFLP5C |
|
VGIII (SH7) |
A7 |
ITS5 |
5 |
|
B/C |
VGIV |
|
AFLP7 |
|
VGIV (SH8) |
A8 |
ITS6 |
6 |
1. W. Meyer, K. Maszewska, M. Amirmostofian, R. P. Igrea, C. Hardtje, K. Methling, M. A. Viviani, A. Chindamporn, S. Sukroongreung, M. A. John, D. H. Ellis, and T. C. Sorrell. 1999. Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey. Electrophoresis 20:1790-1799.
2. W. Meyer, A. Castaneda, S. Jackson, M. Huynh, and E. Castaneda. 2003. Molecular typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates. EID 9:189-195.
3. X. Feng, Z. Yao, D. Ren, W. Liao, and J. Wu. 2008b. Genotyping and mating type analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii pistolets from China that mainly originated from non-HIV-infetced patients. FEMS Yeast Res 8:930-938.
4. M.A. Viviani, H. Wen, A. Roverselli, R. Caldarelli-Stefano, M. Cogliati, P. Ferrante, A. M. Tortorano. 1997. Identification by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype AD. J Med Vet Mycol 35:355-360.
5. T. Boekhout, B. Theelen, M. Diaz, J. W. Fell, W. C. Hop, E. C. Abeln, F. Dromer, W. Meyer. 2001. Hybrid genotypes in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Microbiol 147:891-907.
6. A.P. Litvintseva, R. Thakur, R. Vilgalys, and T. G. Mitchell. 2006. Multilocus sequence typing reveals three genetic subpopulations of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), including a unique population in Botswana. Genetics 172:2223-2238.
7. G.N. Latouche, M. Huynh, T. C. Sorrell, and W. Meyer. 2003. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the phospholipase B (PLB1) gene for subtyping of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:2080-2086.
8. M. Katsu, S. Kidd, A. Ando, M. L. Moretti-Branchini, Y. Mikami, K. Nishimura, and W. Meyer. 2004. The internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene show extensive diversity among isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. FEMS Yeast Res 4:377-388.
9. M.R. Diaz, T. Boekhout, T. Kiesling, and J. W. Fell. 2005. Comparative analysis of the intergenic spacer regions and population structure of the species complex of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Yeast Res 5:1129-1140.
10. M.R. Diaz, T. Boekhout, B. Theelen, and J. W. Fell. 2000. Molecular sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) associated with rDNA of the two varieties of the pathogenic yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans. Syst Appl Microbiol 23:535-545.
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